Project 'Rekeningrijden':
Modeling and simulation of complex engineering
Due to heavy road congestion in the Netherlands, especially in the western part
around the major cities (Amsterdam. Rotterdam, Den Haag), the Dutch Goverment
intends to implement a system of Electronic Toll Collection with the goal to
reduce this congestion
[@].
The first systems will be installed in the year 2002.
The toll collection function should not interfere with normal
traffic flow. Therefore, a free flow Automatic Debiting System (ADS) is
required.
The University of Amsterdam is involved in a project to evaluate the
technical feasibility of Automatic Debiting Systems, as proposed by the
industry to be implemented on the Dutch Road Network. We have developed
a modeling and simulation approach, and realised a software environment
to perform these simulations. The environment, called ADS-SIM, is used
both by the Ministry and industry for technical evaluation studies.
On request we have analysed ourselves special case studies,
to demonstrate how to model features specific for the Dutch
situation.
We use the concept of High Performance Discrete Event Simulations
to evaluate the performance of in Complex Engineering Projects.
It is assumed that models of the components are known. We further
demand that the interaction between the components is known and
their state changes at pre-definable time intervals. As a result we
can model the total complex system as a discrete event model.
Analysis of test data
As part of the project, the systems of several industrial consortia
where tested along the Dutch road. The University of Amsterdam has
participated in the analysis of this rich set of data. The task
of the University was to find hypotheses about the sources
of sporadic errors
(in the order of 1 error at 10.000 passages for the prototypes).
The data collected along the road was read in an object oriented
database based on Matisse [@], together
with the meta-information already produced by the ministry.
An interface was written
[@],
to access transparently a MATISSE database from the MATLAB environment,
with all the power of Matisse's Application
Development Kit. Inside MATLAB we have analysed the data further,
and could identify reasonable hypotheses about the sources of nearly all
errors. Although the final
conclusion was that all requirements are already met,
with the help
of this identified remaining error sources the 'Rekeningrijden' system
can be even further improved.
As a result of this cooperation, we have now access to a large
database with traffic measurements, with a level of detail that
is unique. This database can also be used for research
on other traffic applications, as for instance 'kilometerheffing'
(another future system foreseen as instrument to reduce congestion).
For this latter application, it is important that we also
have a small set of measurements when GPS was used as additional
reference system.
Partners:
- @
Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
- @
CMG Public Sector, Advanced Technology, Den Haag
- @
National Aerospace Laboratory NLR, The Netherlands
Contact person for UvA:
- Prof. Dr. L.O. Hertzberger
- email: bob@science.uva.nl
- telephone: +31 20 5257464
References:
- @
A. Visser, A.J. van der Wees, L.O. Hertzberger,
"Discrete Event Modelling Methodology for Intelligent Transport Systems",
paper 2016 in the proceedings of the
World congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, Torino, Italy, November 2000.
- @
A. Visser, H.H. Yakali, A.J. van der Wees,
M. Oud, G.A. van der Spek, L.O. Hertzberger,
"An hierarchical view on modelling the reliability of
a DSRC-link for ETC applications", Technical Report CS-99-02,
published at IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,
- @
L. Dorst, A. Hoekstra, J.M. van den Akker, J. Breeman, F.C.A. Groen,
J. Lagerberg, A. Visser, H. Yakali, L.O. Hertzberger,
"Evaluating Automatic Debiting Systems by modelling and simulation
of virtual sensors",
IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, June 1998, vol.1, no.2, pp. 18-25
.
- @
A.G. Hoekstra, L. Dorst, M. Bergman, J. Lagerberg, A. Visser, H. Yakali,
F. Groen and L.O. Hertzberger, "Modelling and simulation of automatic
debiting systems for electronic collection on motor highways",
proceedings IASTED International Conference Applied Modelling and Simulation,
Ed M.H. Hamzam pp 104-108, 1997.
